Since these symptoms may appear mild initially, they are often overlooked or attributed to stress, dietary changes or stomach-related issues. Because it has no symptoms, but because its early signs can be vague and easily mistaken for common digestive problems such as acidity, gas, bloating or indigestion, ovarian cancer is often referred to as a ‘silent’ cancer, not.
In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Rupinder Sekhon, principal lead – gynae-oncology and robotic surgery, Apollo Athenaa Women’s Cancer Centre, explains why ovarian cancer symptoms can be confused with gastric problems, the warning signs to watch out for and when to consult a doctor. (Also read: High AQI and eye health: Ophthalmologist explains signs of pollution-related eye irritation and ways to protect your vision ) The ovaries are located in the lower abdomen, close to the intestines and other digestive organs. When an ovarian growth develops, it may cause pressure on nearby organs, contribute to fluid accumulation in the abdomen or affect normal digestive functioning. Consequently, some symptoms can resemble acidity, gas, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or post-meal bloating. “The key difference to look out for is the pattern and persistence of symptoms. Gastric problems may come and go and can sometimes be linked to particular foods or stress. However, symptoms associated with ovarian cancer may be new, occur frequently and persist rather than settling down,” explains Dr Sekhon. Occasional bloating after a heavy meal or around menstruation is common. However, persistent or frequent abdominal bloating that does not settle should not be ignored. In some cases, it may be associated with fluid accumulation in the abdomen, known as ascites, or an ovarian mass. Also known as early satiety, this refers to feeling unusually full after eating only a small amount of food. It may be accompanied by nausea or reduced appetite. Pressure from an ovarian mass or fluid accumulation in the abdomen can contribute to this sensation. Persistent pain, discomfort or a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen or pelvic region can be another warning sign. Unlike occasional menstrual discomfort, this pain may feel unusual or different from what a woman typically experiences. New and persistent changes in bowel movements, including constipation, diarrhoea or alternating between the two, may require medical evaluation, particularly when accompanied by other abdominal or pelvic symptoms. Needing to urinate more frequently than usual or experiencing a sudden urge to pass urine can sometimes occur when an ovarian growth or abdominal fluid puts pressure on the bladder. Persistent lower back discomfort, particularly when accompanied by unusual tiredness, may also warrant attention. it is important to investigate new or ongoing changes that do not improve While these symptoms can have several causes. Unexplained changes should be discussed with a healthcare professional.
Some women may experience an increase in abdominal size due to fluid accumulation or swelling, while others may notice reduced appetite and unintended weight loss.
Certain persistent symptoms deserve medical attention, particularly when they are new or represent a noticeable change from a woman’s usual health patterns, according to Dr Sekhon.
“Women should pay attention to symptoms that are new for them, occur frequently and continue for more than two to three weeks. Keeping a symptom diary can help during a medical consultation. Women can note when a symptom occurs, how frequently it appears, how long it lasts and whether anything seems to make it better or worse. However, these tests need to be interpreted in the context of a person’s symptoms and medical history. Further investigations may be required depending on the findings. These include: Having one or more risk factors does not necessarily mean a woman will develop ovarian cancer. However, discussing personal and family medical history with a gynaecologist can help determine whether further assessment or genetic counselling may be appropriate. “If you are experiencing persistent symptoms, do not rely only on antacids or dietary changes, or attempt to self-diagnose. Being aware of your body, recognising persistent symptoms and seeking timely medical advice are important steps towards getting the right diagnosis and care. Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.
If ovarian cancer is suspected, a doctor may recommend a pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasound and a blood test to check levels of a protein called CA-125. A CA-125 test or ultrasound alone cannot confirm ovarian cancer. Consult your primary care physician or gynaecologist so that the symptoms can be evaluated appropriately,” advises Dr Sekhon.
A family history of ovarian or breast cancer is also important information to share with your doctor,” says Dr Sekhon. Certain factors can increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer, according to Dr Sekhon.
